Abstract: To further advance modeling and simulation capability building, effectively address the low level of sharing and reuse of alliance simulation resources, insufficient cloud-edge collaboration and flexible adaptive service capabilities, and improve simulation interoperability, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has proactively laid out research on the new simulation architecture known as “modeling and simulation as a service (MSaaS)”. This paper conducts a review of NATO MSaaS simulation architecture, exploring its development context, system design and key capabilities. Furthermore, specific research suggestions are proposed from four perspectives: key technologies, standards and specifications, ecosystem construction, as well as security and privacy.